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Llamamiento
de Reikiavik sobre la tecnología inalámbrica en
las escuelas Traducción al castellano de Pedro Belmonte (Ecologistas en Acción) para la PECCEM.Original en: http://www.stralskyddsstiftelsen.se/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Reykjavik-Appeal-170224-2.pdf
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Nosotros, los abajo firmantes, manifestamos nuestra preocupación por la salud y el desarrollo denuestros niños/as en las escuelas con la aplicación de la tecnología inalámbrica para la enseñanza. Una gran cantidad de estudios científicosevidencian considerables riesgos médicos debidos a la exposición a largo plazo a la radiación de radiofrecuencias (RFR) de redes y dispositivos inalámbricos;muy por debajo de los niveles de referencia recomendados por la Comisión Internacional de Protección contra las Radiaciones No Ionizantes (ICNIRP).Pedimos a las autoridades que asuman su responsabilidad por la salud y el bienestar futuros de nuestros niños y niñas.
En mayo de 2011, la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer (IARC) de la OrganizaciónMundial de la Salud (OMS) clasificó la radiación de radiofrecuencias (RFR) como carcinógeno del Grupo 2B; es decir, "posiblemente" carcinógeno paralos seres humanos. Desde entonces, más estudios científicos sobre la exposición a RFR en humanos, animales y material biológico han fortalecido su asociación aun mayor riesgo de cáncer, especialmente de tumores cerebrales. Varios estudios de laboratorio han demostrado efectos mecánicos en la carcinogénesis como elestrés oxidativo, la regulación a la baja del ARN mensajero y el daño al ADN con roturas de una sola cadena. La clasificación de cancerígeno por la IARCincluye todas las fuentes de RFR. La exposición procedente de estaciones base de telefonía móvil, puntos de acceso Wi-Fi, teléfonos inteligentes, ordenadoresportátiles y tabletas puede darse a largo plazo, a veces en todo momento, tanto en casa como en la escuela. Para los niños/as este riesgo se puede acentuardebido al efecto acumulativo de su uso a lo largo del resto de su vida. Además, las células en desarrollo e inmaduras pueden ser más sensibles a la exposicióna RFR. Ningún organismo de salud ha determinado ningún nivel seguro de esta radiación y, por lo tanto, no tenemos garantías de seguridad.
Además del riesgo de cáncer, las RFR también pueden afectar a la barrera hematoencefálica haciendo que seabra y permita la entrada de moléculas tóxicas en el cerebro, dañar neuronas del hipocampo (el centro cerebral de memoria), regular al alza o a la bajaproteínas del cerebro esenciales para el metabolismo, la respuesta al estrés y la neuroprotección del cerebro yafectar a los neurotransmisores. Se han observado más defectos en la cabeza y daños en el ADN de los espermatozoides expuestos a Wi-Fi. Las RFR pueden incrementarel estrés oxidativo en las células y llevar a un aumento de las citoquinas[1] pro-inflamatorias y reducir la capacidad para reparar roturas de una sola filay de doble fila en el ADN.
También se han demostrado deficiencias cognitivas en el aprendizaje y la memoria. Los resultados de lasencuestas de PISA de la OCDE en lectura y matemáticas muestran resultados decrecientes en los países que más han invertido en introducir computadoras enla escuela. Muchas tareas simultáneas, demasiadas horas delante de la pantalla, menos tiempo para contactos sociales y actividades físicas, riesgo de doloresde cuello y espalda, sobrepeso, problemas de sueño y adicción a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) son algunos de los riesgos conocidos yefectos secundarios de las TIC. Todos ellos en marcado contraste con los tan proclamados, pero en gran medida no probados, posibles beneficios.
Pedimos a las autoridades escolares de todos los países que adquieran conocimientos sobre los riesgospotenciales de las RFR para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños/as. La promoción de tecnologías educativas cableadas es una solución más segura que lapotencialmente peligrosa exposición a la radiación inalámbrica. Les pedimos que sigan el principio ALARA (tan bajo como razonablemente sea posible) y la Resolución 1815 del Consejo de Europa para adoptar todas las medidas razonables para reducir la exposición a RFR.
Reglas prácticas para las escuelas con respecto a los niños/as y la tecnologíainalámbrica:
- No debe haber redes inalámbricas en preescolar, guarderías y escuelas.
- Se recomienda una conexión directa por cable en cada aula para uso del profesor durante las clases.
- Dar preferencia a los teléfonos fijos para el personal de preescolar, guarderías y escuelas.
- Dar preferencia a la conexión por cable a Internet y a impresoras en las escuelas y desactivar laconfiguración Wi-Fi en todos los equipos.
- Dar preferencia a los ordenadores portátiles y tabletas que se pueden conectar por cable a Internet.
- No se debe permitir que los estudiantes usen teléfonos móviles en las escuelas. Pueden dejarlos en casao que el profesor los recoja en modo apagado antes de la primera clase de la mañana.
Conferencia internacional de Reykjavik (Islandia) sobre las niñas y niños, el tiempo depermanencia ante las pantallas y la radiación inalámbrica, del 24 de febrero de 2017 (Children, Screen time and Wireless Radiation – International Conference Reykjavik).[Ver vídeos de la jornada en: https://ehtrust.org/science/key-scientific-lectures/2017-reykjavik-conference-technology-wireless-radiation-childrens-health/ ]
Firmantes:
Lennart Hardell, MD, PhD (speaker)
Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health,
Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
E-mail: lennart.hardell@regionorebrolan.se
Cris Rowan, BScOT, BScBi, SIPT (speaker)
CEO Zone’in Programs Inc. and Sunshine Coast Occupational Therapy Services Inc. 6840Seaview Rd, Sechelt, BC Canada V0N3A4
Tarmo Koppel, PhD candidate (speaker)
Department of Labour Environment and Safety
Tallinn University of Technology,
SCO351 Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
E-mail: tarmo.koppel@ttu.ee
Iceland
Sveinn S. Kjartansson, Formaður, Félag foreldra leikskólabarna, Chairman, Association of parents of preschoolchildren in Reykjavik, Island
Valdemar Gisli Valdemarsson, Electronic technician/manager, Island
Sweden
Lena Hedendahl, MD, Independent Environment and Health Research Luleå, Sweden
Michael Carlberg, MSc, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University,Sweden
Mikko Ahonen, PhD, Sweden Adamantia Fragopoulou, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, KI, (KarolinskaInstitute), Sweden Olle Johansson, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, KI, Sweden
Johan Wilhelmson, MD, Sweden
Ulrika Åberg, MD, Sweden Gabriella Ahlgren, Chairman, Vågbrytaren, Against insanitary electromagneticradiation, Sweden
Gunilla Ladberg, PhD, Vågbrytaren, Sweden
Marianne Ketti, Chairwoman, FEB Sweden (The Swedish Association for the ElectroHyperSensitive)
Per Segerbäck, Scientific Advisor, FEB Sweden
Mona Nilsson, Chairman, Swedish Radiation Protection Foundation, Sweden
Bertil Arting, Teacher (former), Sweden
Kristina Arting, Teacher (former), Sweden
Linda Niewenhuizen, Teacher, Sweden
Gertrud Öjbrandt, Teacher (former), Sweden
Finland
Marjukka Hagström, Senior Specialist, LL.M., M.Soc.Sc., Finland
Rainer Nyberg, EdD, Professor emeritus, Finland
Norway
Solveig Glomsrød, Chairman, Association of electro-hypersensitive, Norway
Sissel Halmøy, Chair, International EMF Alliance, Norway
Thomas Middelthon, Chairman, Citizens´ Radiation Protection, Norway
Austria
Piero Lercher, MD, Consultant for environmental medicine in the Viennese medical chamber, Austria
Gerd Oberfeld, MD, Public Health Dept. Salzburg Government, Austria
Thomas Szekeres, a.o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. President of the Viennese medical chamber, Austria
Belgium
Ernesto Burgio, MD, Pediatrician, ECERI, European Cancer and Environment Research InstituteBruxelles, Belgium
Cyprus
Stella Canna Michaelidou, Dr, President of the National Committee on Environment and Children's Health,Nicosia, Cyprus.
Alexia Sakadaki, Organizing Manager, Cyprus Greens – Citizens’ Cooperation, Cyprus
France
Dominique Belpomme, MD, MS, Professor, Oncology, Paris University Hospital, France, and European Cancer andEnvironment Research Institute (ECERI), Brussels, Belgium.
Christine Campagnac, Hospital Director, seconded from Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris,France; and ECERI, Brussels, Belgium
Philippe Irigaray, PhD, ARTAC, Paris, France
Etienne Cendrier, Spokesman for Robin des Toits, France
Janine Le Calvez, Chairman of the French NGO, Priartem, France
Sophie Pelletier, Collectif des Electrosensibles de France, France
Germany
Franz Adlkofer, Professor, Germany
Peter Hensinger, M.A., diagnose:funk, German consumer-rights organization, Germany
Markus Kern, Dr. med., Kempten, Germany
Peter Ohnsorge, Dr. Med., European Academy for Environmental Medicine, Member of the Board, Wuerzburg,Germany
Greece
Theodore Metsis, PhD, Electrical-Mechanical-Environmental Engineer-Consultant, Athens, Greece
Stelios A Zinelis, MD, BA, Hellenic Cancer Society of Kefallonia and Ithaki, Greece
Italy
Fiorella Belpoggi, Dr, Director, Research Department, Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, RamazziniInstitute, Bologna, Italy
Dott. Morando Soffritti, Presidente Onorario, Istituto Ramazzini e Segretario Generale, Collegium Ramazzini,Bologna, Italy
Russia
Oleg A. Grigoriev, DrSc., PhD, Head of the Scientific Department of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Federal MedicalBiophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
Yury G. Grigoriev, Professor, M. Dr Sci. President, Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing RadiationProtection, Moscow, Russia
Spain
Enrique A. Navarro, Professor, Universitat de València, Spain
Pedro Belmonte, Area of electromagnetic pollution of Ecologistas en Acción, Spain
Julio Carmona, Coordinating Group of the PECCEM (Citizen Platform Against Electromagnetic Pollution in theSpanish state), Spain.
Minerva Palomar, President of Electro and Chemical Sensitive for the Right to Health, Spain
Slovak Republic
Igor Belyaev, Dr.Sc. Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Slovak Republic
United Kingdom
David Gee, Visiting Fellow, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, UK
Paula Healy, MSc., (neuroscience), UK
Erica Mallery-Blythe, MD, BMBS (Soton), PHIRE Medical (Physicians' Health Initiative for Radiation andEnvironment), UK
Alasdair Philips, BSc, DAgE, Director of Powerwatch (UK NGO), UK
Sarah Starkey, PhD, Independent Neuroscience and Environmental Health Research, UK
Michael Bevington, Electrosensitivity UK, United Kingdom
Eileen O’Connor, Director, EM Radiation Research Trust, and PHIRE, Board Member International EMF Alliance,UK
Nicola Kingsley, School secretary (retired). UK
Gabriel Millar, Teacher, activist organizer of 6 public meetings on the subject of wireless radiation inStroud, Gloucestershire, UK
Israel
Gadi Lissak, Dr, Behavioral Gadi medicine psychologist, Israel
Yael Stein, Dr, MD, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Iris Atzmon, MPH, Author, Israel.
Brazil
Alvaro Augusto de Salles, PhD, Professor, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Colombia
Carlos Sosa, MD, Medellin, Colombia,
Canada
Daniel Berman, MSW, Vancouver, Washington, Board Member, Wireless Education Action, Canada
Anthony B. Miller, MD, FRCP, Professor Emeritus, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto,Canada
Heather Dawn Gingerich, MSc, International Medical Geology Association and AAAS Science & Human RightsCoalition, Canada
Melissa Chalmers, Director, Electromagnetic Pollution Illnesses Canada Foundation (EPIC), Canada
Janis Hoffmann, Parents for Safe Schools, Canada
Jean Hudon, Co-founder, Quebec's Coalition Against Electromagnetic Pollution , Quebec, Canada
Lucie Montpetit, Occupational therapist with EHS, ME and FM patients, Canada
Sharon Noble, Director, Coalition to Stop Smart Meters, Director, Citizens for Safe Technology,Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Barbara Payne, Director’ Electromagnetic Pollution Illnesses Canada Foundation (EPIC), Canada
Marcus & Benita Schluschen, Canadians for Safe Technology, British Columbia, Canada
Pedro Gregorio, M.Eng, Canada
Vladimir Gagachev, P.Eng., Electrical Engineer, Canada
Petrina Gregson, B of Mus, MA, Retired teacher, Clearwater, BC, Canada
Sheila Pratt, BA, Retired teacher, Canada
Cathy Veris, Community Mediation Coordinator, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Shelley Wright, Teacher, Canada
USA
David O. Carpenter, MD, Director, Institute for Health and the Environment. A Collaborating Centre ofthe World Health Organization, University at Albany, NY, USA Scott Eberle, MD, Medical Director, Hospice of Petaluma, CA, USA
Dan O. Harper, MD, Solana Beach, CA, USA James Huff, PhD, Guest Researcher, Formerly, Associate Directorfor Chemical Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina , USA
Peter F. Infante, D.D.S, Dr.P.H., F.A.C.E. USA
Toril Jelter, MD, MDI Wellness Center in Walnut Creek, CA, USA
Elizabeth Kelley, MA, Former Managing Director, International Electromagnetic Safety Alliance, USA
Ann Yeawon Lee, MD, USA
L. Lloyd Morgan, Senior Research Fellow, Environmental Health Trust, USA Ronald M. Powell, PhD, USA
Camilla Rees, MBA, ElectromagneticHealth.org., USA
Cindy Sage, MA, Sage Associates, Co-Editor, BioInitiative Reports, USA
Theodora Scarato, MSW, Environmental Health Trust, USA
Barry Castleman, ScD, Environmental Consultant, USA
Mary Beth Brangan, Ecological Options Network, USA
Patricia Burke, HaltMAsmartmeters.org., USA
Galilee Carlisle, M.Ed., Heads Up! for Public Health’ Chehalis, WA, USA
Elizabeth Doonan, Maryland for Safe Technology, USA
Cecelia Doucette, Technology Safety Educator, USA
Lee Emerson, President, Lee F. Emerson & Associates Inc., Mill Spring, NC, USA
Arthur Firstenberg, President, Cellular Phone Task Force, Santa Fe, NM. USA
Diane Hickey, Co-founder, National Association For Children and Safe Technology, USA
Desiree Jaworski, Executive Director, Center for Safer Wireless, USA
Ellie Marks, Director, California Brain Tumor Association, San Francisco, CA, USA
Sandi Maurer, Director, EMF Safety Network, USA
Sam Parish, Forensic Engineer, Providence, RI, USA
Katie Singer, Author, An Electronic Silent Spring, EMRadiation Policy Institute, USA
Angela Tsiang, Engineer, USA
Gary Vesperman, Clean Energy Inventions, Boulder City, Nevada, USA
Dianne Wilkins, Paralegal, Maine, USA Mary Anne Tierney, RN, MPH, Fairview, NC USA
Australia
Don Maisch, PhD, Member of the Australasian Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association(ORSAA), Australia
Steven Weller, B.Sc., Australia Karen Adler, EHS group network, Sydney, Australia
Linda Jones, Stop Smart Meters Australia, Victoria, Australia Greg Jones, Stop Smart Meters Australia,Victoria, Australia
Lyn McLean, Director, EMR Australia PL Sarah Benson, Retired teacher, Australia
Firmas adicionales después de la conferencia:
Germany
Jan Gerhard, MD, Peditrician, Youth-Psychiatrist, Bünsdorf, Germany
Dietrich Moldan, Dr, Moldan Umweltanalytik, Iphofen, Germany
Claus Scheingraber, Dr. med dent., Chairman German Working Group Electro-Biology, Germany
Sonja Tamm, Baubiologin IBN, Germany
Ortwin Zais, Dr, Managing Chairman, EUROPAEM e.V. European Academy for Environmental Medicine e.V.Germany
Italy
Sparer Armin, Fach. Ing., Bozen, Italy
Netherlands
Peter van der Vleuten, Stichting Kennisplatform Elektromagnetische Straling and Brainport Biotech Solutions BV,The Netherlands
Switzerland
Peter Schlegel, M.Sc., Esslingen, Switzerland Markus Lauener, Präsident (chairman), DachverbandElektrosmog Schweiz und Liechtenstein (Swiss Umbrella Organization for EMF protection), Swtizerland
Argentina
Liliana Palancio, Presidente Asociación Civil Aletheia por la vida Personería Juridica. Buenos Aire, Argentina.
Canada
Paul Héroux, PhD, Occupational Health Program Director, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatisticsand Occupational Health, McGill University Medicine, Montreal, Canada
Martin Weatherall, Co-Director WEEP Initiative, Canada
Apéndice para lectura adicional.
Referencias:
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BioInitiative Working Group: BioInitiative 2012. A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public ExposureStandard for Electromagnetic Fields (ELF and RF). Sage C and Carpenter DO (eds.). Bioinitiative, 2012. Available online: http://www.bioinitiative.org/table-of-contents/
Buchner K and Eger H: Changes of clinically important neurotransmitters under the influenceof modulated RF fields—A long-term study under real-life conditions [Original study in German]. Umwelt-Medizin-Gesellschaft. 2011;24:44-57.
Calvente I, Pérez-Lobato R, Núñez MI, Ramos R, Guxens M, Villalba J et al. Does exposure toenvironmental electromagnetic fields cause cognitive and behavioral effects in 10-year-old boys? Bioelectromagnetics. 2016;37:25-36.
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